The tangent is equal to the elastic modulus and then decreases beyond the proportional limit.
2.
Elastic modulus is simply defined as the ratio of stress to strain within the proportional limit.
3.
For these materials a proportional limit stress is defined, below which the errors associated with the linear approximation are negligible.
4.
The "'proportional limit "'is the maximum stress a material can undergo where the relationship between stress and strain are linearly proportional.
5.
The concept of proportional limit should not be confused with the elastic limit, which is the maximum stress a material can undergo at which all strains are recoverable.
6.
Ordinarily, the elastic limit is greater than the proportional limit; however, for many materials ( such as steel ), the two are close enough to be identical for all practical purposes.
7.
Since at this stress the slope of the material's stress-strain curve, " E " " t " ( called the tangent modulus ), is smaller than that below the proportional limit, the critical load at inelastic buckling is reduced.
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